| Intro | Islamic scholar of Cairo, |
| Was | Historian |
| From |
Egypt Ottoman Empire |
| Type | Social science |
| Gender | male |
| Birth |
1545, Cairo, Egypt |
| Death |
1622 |
Muhammad ‘Abd al-Ra’uf al-Munawi (also Al-Manawi) (Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف المناوي), was an Ottoman period Islamic scholar of Cairo, known for his works on the early history of Islam and the history of Sufism in Egypt. He was a disciple of al-Sha`rani. Author of Tawqīf ʿalā Muhammāt al-Taʿārīf.Abd ar-Ra’uf Tāj ibn al-al-‘Arifīn Munāwī, is a doctor of law chaféiste and spiritual Sufi . He was born in Egypt in 1545 (952) in Cairo and died in 1621 (1031).
Al-Muhibbī describes it in these terms: “A virtuous imam and ascetic, a man of great piety (…) close to God and devoted to others (…) patient and sincere”. Coming from a family famous for his piety, originally from Munayt or Munāw, where his ancestors were established after their departure from Tunisia, he became very young hāfiz and was initiated into taṣawwuf by Sha’rānī. After his death, he approached in particular the brotherhood k halwatiyyaand various others. After certain religious functions, he retired from the world to write. Then he returned to the world to teach at the University of Aṣ-Ṣālihīyya, where the very high quality of his teaching, which attracted to him the most eminent scholars of his time, made him jealous of some to the point that he was probably poisoned. He escaped but then abandoned his teaching to, now too weak to write, to dictate his works to one of his sons, Tāj ad-dīn Muhammad. He died in 1621. The number of his writings exceeds a hundred and addresses very diverse registers, Sufism, religious sciences but also logic, medicine or botany. They experienced some success during his lifetime and are still studied today, even if the majority of these are hardly accessible any more than in the form of manuscripts. His book,al-Kawākib ad-durriya fī tarājim as-sāda aṣ-ṣūfiyya , ” The resplendent stars or Biographies of the Sufi masters “, also known as Tabaqāt al-Munāwī aṣ-ṣughrā , lists the life of the great spirituals from the times of the prophet until ‘in his own time. He mentions thirty-five Muslim saints in the part which was translated into French by Nelly Amri [ 1 ] .
He wrote on hadith, law, grammar, history, geography, zoology, inheritance, dream interpretation, and a book combining logic, sources of law, inheritance, grammar, medicine, astronomy and Sufism, under the title Ithâf al-mubra bi-l-‘ulûm al-‘ashra , “The poluiche offered to the ten sciences.
His belief
Like all the scholars of Islâm, Imâm Al-Munâwi rejected the implicit beliefs that Allâh would be a body or that He would be in a direction or a place. He clearly called these beliefs of innovation disbelief. In his book “Fayd al-Qadîr sharh Al-Jâmi ‘As-Saghîr”, the shaykh Al-Munâwi said: “As for the one who becomes disbeliever by his bad innovation, it is like the one who denies the knowledge of Allâh in claiming that Allah does not know the detail, or who claims that Allah is a body, or that He is in a direction. Likewise one who says that Allah is in contact with the world or detached from it. One does not characterize the acts of the latter only by rejection because it is more vile than that by his bad belief ”.
His opposition to the beliefs of Ibn Taymiyyah
In his book “Fayd al-Qadîr” following the hadîth reported by Muslim in his sahîh according to Abû hurayrah which reports that Prophet said:
“من يدخل الجنة يَنعَم لا ييْأس ، لا تبلى ثيابه ، ولا يفنى شبابه”
[Meaning]: “He who enters Paradise will be happy and will not lose hope, his clothes will never wear out and his youth will never pass”He (Al-Manâwi) said: “This is explicit to confirm that Paradise is eternal and that it will not be annihilated, and hell likewise. And Jahm Ibn Safwân claimed that they will be annihilated because they came into existence, but none of the people of Islâm followed him, on the contrary, they declared him disbelieving for that. Some have been of the opinion that hell will be annihilated on the contrary of paradise, Ibnu l-Qayyim just like his shaykh Ibn Taymiyah, have for a long time endeavored to overcome this opinion in several works, in doing so he has passed closer to disbelief as faith because of its contradiction with the text of the Qur-an, he thus concluded his book which describes paradise ”.
Name
Muhammad ‘Abd al-Ra’uf ibn Taj al-‘Arifin ibn ‘Ali ibn Zayn al-‘Abidin al-Haddddi al-Manawi (al-Munawi).
Works
- Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami` al-Saghir (ed. Beirut: Dar al-Ma‘rifah), commentary on the Jami` by Imam al-Suyuti
- Kunooz al-Haqa’iq fi Hadith Khair al-Khala’iq,
- Tabaqat al-Kawakeb al-Durriyah
- Tawqif ‘Ala Muhammat Al-Ta’arif.